Assessment of the Level of Physical Access of Pupils to Lower Basic Schools in River State, Nigeria

From the Graduate Bulletin (2005-2007, p.16), "AcademicIrregularities"

"In cases of academic irregularities or dishonesty in examinations or class work,responsibility for disciplinary action is assigned to the appropriate AcademicDean. Plagiarism and cheating are not only serious violations of the rules, butalso may reflect adversely on the student's reputation as well as on the reputationof the Campus. Faculty, administrators and the student body share responsibilityfor academic integrity. A student in violation of accepted academic proceduresmay be subject to disciplinary action, up to and including expulsion from theCampus. Faculty members will report to the Academic Dean any case ofirregular or dishonest behavior that occurs in the class or in or her observation.Students may likewise make such a report to the faculty member or dean. TheAcademic Dean will decide what disposition is to be made of the charges.Requests for appeals may be made to the Student/Faculty Appeals Board.

"In the case of a minor infraction that is the student's first disciplinary offense,the Dean may authorize the faculty member to dispose of the charges, limitingthe maximum penalty to failure in the course. The faculty member will make areport of the incident and the action taken to the Dean and the Judicial AffairsCoordinator.

"In the case of a major infraction, or in the case of repeat academic offenses,the student may be subject to suspension or expulsion from the Campus. Ifcurrent non-academic disciplinary action is pending for a student, furtherdisciplinary action may result, up to and including expulsion from the Campus."

From the College of Management

"Not only is plagiarism a practice that is unacceptable, but also it is condemnedin the strongest terms possible on the basis of moral, educational and legalgrounds. Under University policy, the offense of plagiarism may be punishableby a range of penalties up to and including failure in the course and expulsionfrom the University." (Undergraduate Bulletin 2004-2006, p.147)

"Plagiarism is a practice that is not only unacceptable, but which is to becondemned in the strongest terms possible on the basis of moral, educationaland legal grounds. Under University policy, plagiarism may be punishable by arange of penalties up to and including failure in the course and expulsion fromthe University." (Graduate Bulletin 2005-2007, p.108)

From the College of Information and Computer Science

"Academic Conduct: Academic irregularities or dishonesty, such as plagiarismand cheating, may result in an automatic failure in a course and dismissal fromthe program." (Graduate Bulletin 2003-2005, p.34 and Palmer School of Library and Information Science Graduate Bulletin, 2005-2007, p.7)

"Academic Conduct: Academic irregularities or dishonesty may result indismissal from the program. Severe infractions such as plagiarism and cheatingwill result in immediate dismissal from the program." (Doctor of Philosophy in Information Studies Program Handbook 2004-2005, p.12 & p.13)

What constitutes plagiarism:

Turning in another person's work as your own, and this includes a paper from free websiteCopying a paper, an excerpt, a paragraph, or a line from a source without proper acknowledgement (these can be from a print source, such as a book, journal, monograph, map, chart, or pamphlet, or from a nonprint source, such as the web and online databasesTaking materials from a source, supplying proper documentation, but leaving out quotation marks Paraphrasing materials from a source without documentation of that source Purchasing a paper from a research service or a commercial term paper millSharing or swapping from a local source (from student papers that were previously submitted) Creating invalid or faked citations

What will happen to you if you plagiarize?

You may have to:

Repeat the assignment Fail the course Face possible suspension

How can you avoid plagiarizing?

Acknowledge sources by giving credit. If you don't, intentionally or not, it is plagiarism.

What are some sources that need to be credited or acknowledged?

Books, periodicals, pamphlets, charts, statistics, maps, interviews, television, radio, Internet, online databases, and many other types of material. When credit is properly attributed, you reduce the chance of plagiarizing.

Some tips on preventing plagiarism:

Be organized - from the onset of a research project, establish order while gathering information. This will help to alleviate confusion and problems, especially when the time comes for the bibliography, works cited, and reference pages to be prepared.

Use a note card to identify the following:

Source (citation) - common sources: Book: Author, Title, Publisher, Place and Year of publication Periodical: Author, Title of Article and Periodical, Year, Vol. Issue and Pages Internet: URL/Web Address, Author ,Title, and the Date site was accessed Quotes - note the page numbers, enclose quoted material in quotation marks, and include a link to the source. Paraphrasing/Summarizing - in your notes, indicate points and ideas in your own words and, again, create a parenthetical reference to the source. To cite, use the Citation Style page on the Library Homepage: http://www2.liu.edu/cwis/cwp/library/workshop/citation.htm

Remember:

If the information is factual or well documented, (e.g. John F. Kennedy was a democrat), then it not imperative to cite. If the information requires credit or documentation, cite it. Information on the Internet, including research papers from paper mills, is available to all (student and professor). Professors are experts in their fields, and knowledgeable about current and past research.

If you need additional assistance consult:

Your professor The C.W. Post Writing Center, located at http://www.liu.edu/CWPost/Academics/Schools/CLAS/Resources/Writing-Center.aspx; 299-2732, Humanities Hall, room 202. Tutorial Services on the web at http://www.liu.edu/CWPost/StudentLife/Services/LSC/Tutoring.aspx

By adhering to the five principles of the ethos statement: "respect for oneself, respect for others, respect for property, respect for authority, and honesty," charges for ethical misconduct such as plagiarism can be prevented.